The relative distributions of Buddhists, Christians, and Muslims have in fact changed little in half a millennium. Although there has been some migration of Muslims into western Europe, the percentages of Muslims in each country is small. France has the largest percentage of Muslims at 7. To keep this in perspective, that is much lower than the percentage of Muslims in Spain in Skip to content Religion uses nearly all forms of diffusion to reproduce itself across space. Previous Section.
Next Section. License 6. Share This Book. A rift between militant Islamic fundamentalists and moderate Islamic reformers is evident throughout the Muslim world. Militant leaders strive to uphold the Sharia criminal code as law.
Moderate reformers work toward a civil law based on democratic consensus. This rift adds to the conflicts that have been occurring in this realm. The Muslim world will continue to confront such arguments over the future direction of Islam in a globalized economy.
Help Creative Commons. Creative Commons supports free culture from music to education. Their licenses helped make this book available to you. Help a Public School. Previous Section. Table of Contents. Next Section. Analyze the differences and similarities among the three main monotheistic religions. Explain the process of spatial diffusion and the various forms it may represent. Outline the main divisions of Islam and the approximate percentages of the followers of each division.
Explain how Islamic fundamentalism influences the debate between a religious state and a secular state. The Prophet Muhammad The traditional groups in the region of Arabia were polytheistic and worshiped their own gods. Spatial Diffusion The spread of Islam was accomplished through trade and conquest. Profess that there is no god but Allah and his messenger and prophet is Muhammad. Perform the prayers Salat.
Pray five times a day. Pay alms or give to charity Zakat. Share what you have with people who are less fortunate. Fast Sawm. Make the pilgrimage to Mecca Hajj. The Death of Muhammad Muhammad died at the age of sixty-two.
Key Takeaways Islam has its origins with Muhammad, who was born years after the birth of Jesus, when Christianity was well established. Muhammad received his revelations through the angel Gabriel and passed them to his followers, who wrote down his words into what became the Koran. Islam is the youngest of the three major monotheistic religions of the realm: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
All three trace their origins back to the patriarch Abraham. Spatial diffusion can be applied to any phenomenon, idea, disease, or concept that spreads through a population across space and through time. Islam has diffused through both expansion diffusion and relocation diffusion to become the second most followed religion in the world. Since the death of Muhammad, Islam has divided into a number of different factions.
The two most prevalent divisions of Islam are Sunni followed by about 84 percent of Muslims and Shia followed by about 15 percent of Muslims. Other minor divisions of Islam, such as Sufi, also exist. Religious states are structured around laws based on religious regulations that are usually determined by religious leaders. Secular states are structured around civil law, which is decided on by democratic consensus.
Do you think his background influenced his teachings? Who were Sarah and Hagar? How were their sons influential to the people of the Middle East? Name the individual who is considered a patriarch to the three major monotheistic religions of the Middle East. What event triggered the start of the Islamic calendar? What is this calendar based on? In fact, that is the key to a successful universalizing religion. Christianity was founded in the eastern Mediterranean, although much like Buddhism, its greatest successes were found in other parts of the world Figure 6.
Christianity initially grew in areas dominated by the Roman Empire,but it would adapt and thrive in many places. With the collapse of the Empire, Christianity became the only source of social cohesion in Europe for centuries. Later, Christianity was promoted through the process of colonialism, and as such, it was modified by the process that distributed it.
The spread of Christianity helped drive the process that created the modern world. This is not necessarily through conquest or conversion, but mostly through current demographics. The core belief is Reincarnation reborn after dying. There are two branches: Theravada which is the oldest practiced in Southeast Asia and Sri Lanka and Mahayana emphasized search for universal salvation and found in East Asia.
Contagious diffusion allowed for its spread in India and it attempted to compete with Islam in Northern India. Through syncretism it has been adopted with Hinduism. In both Buddhism and Shinto, pagodas are the common architecture. They are typically built to enshrine sacred religious artifacts. Hinduism originated in the Indus River Valley in Pakistan and through contagious diffusion it spread into the Indian Subcontinent. Traders spread Hinduism into Southeast Asia and Bali.
Through Relocation Diffusion it also spread as hindus migrated in search for better opportunities. Hinduism as mentioned previously in polytheistic, believing in hundreds of gods. The caste system has been widely adopted into Indian Society. The image on the right depicts the Hindu Caste System in India. In Hinduism, temples are built within the home or individual community.
They have a central room to house a spirit, with rooms for rituals, and outer purifying pools. To Hindus, the Ganges or Ganga, in Hindi is the most sacred river in India and that's where many disperse the ashes of the deceased after cremation. It also has a collections of ancient scriptures called Vedas. Judaism is a monotheistic ethnic religion of Jews having its spiritual and ethical principles in the sacred Torah and in the Talmud. It emerged in The Middle East Mesopotamian cultural hearth.
Regards Jerusalem as sacred similarly to Christianity and Islam and the Western Wall is on of their holy sites. Diaspora Dispersion of Jews occurred in response to religious persecution. The Jewish state is Israel which Jews regard as their homeland. Christianity and Islam find some of their roots in Judaism, recognizing Abraham as a Patriarch.
The three branches of Judaism are Orthodox, Conservatives, and Reform. Sacred spaces are called Synagogues. Zionism is a movement that mainly seeks for indigenous return to Jewish homelands. Interfaith Boundaries are between the world's major faiths. Ex: Pakistan was once part of India and established itself as a muslim state in while Indian population is mostly Hindu.
India and Pakistan have had conflict emerge over control over the northern territory in Kashmir. Other examples include the is Palestinian conflict Judaism and Islam , Former Yugoslavia conflict between christianity and Islam. Intrafaith boundaries are within a major religion.
Ex: Iraq sunnis and shiites conflict over control of political landscape. Another example is violent conflict between protestant christians and Roman catholics in Northern Ireland.
Secularism is when religious beliefs and systems are rejected. It is rising in popularity in Europe. Autonomous religions are self-sufficient with little organization. Islam prefers to unify by faith rather than specific boundaries. Sikhism is a monotheistic universalizing religion with a cultural hearth in the Indian Subcontinent. Confucianism in china developed from the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius Is a system of ethics and family behavior that values public service.
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