The sun is a big ball of hot gas, so there's no solid surface to stand on. It would be like standing on a cloud. The surface of the sun that we see is called the photosphere. It's actually a very thin layer of gas about kilometers thick, which is why it looks like a surface compared with the large size of the sun.
There would not be a lot to see in the photosphere. It would be the colour of the sun in all directions, a little cooler upward than down. A more exciting view would be above the photosphere, in the corona, which is very low density, but has a temperature of about 1,,K. You can get surprisingly close. The sun is about 93 million miles away from Earth, and if we think of that distance as a football field, a person starting at one end zone could get about 95 yards before burning up.
That said, an astronaut so close to the sun is way, way out of position. Heat coming off the sun dissipates over distance, but a person drifting in space would begin encountering that kind of heat the five-yard line some three million miles from the sun. A thin transition region, where temperatures rise sharply, separates the chromosphere from the vast corona above.
The uppermost portion of the Sun's atmosphere is called the corona, and is surprisingly much hotter than the Sun's surface photosphere! The upper corona gradually turns into the solar wind, a flow of plasma that moves outward through our solar system into interstellar space. The solar wind is, in a sense, just an extension of the Sun's atmosphere that engulfs all of the planets.
Earth actually orbits within the atmosphere of a star! Skip to main content. And, just like a golf ball, the Sun is made up of layers: a core, a surface, and surrounding atmospheric layers, each of which have their own layers. Diagram of the Sun. Core: the temperature at the very center of the Sun is about 27 million degrees Farenheit F. The temperature cools down through the radiative and convective layers that make up the Sun's core. Surface: the photosphere layer is the most visible to the human eye.
Here the temperature is only about 10, degrees F. This layer, which looks like a bright disk, sends light and heat to Earth.
The photosphere's outer edge seems to be less bright, a condition called "limb darkening.
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